1 Corinthians 8:12

Authorized King James Version

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But when ye sin so against the brethren, and wound their weak conscience, ye sin against Christ.

Original Language Analysis

οὕτως so G3779
οὕτως so
Strong's: G3779
Word #: 1 of 15
in this way (referring to what precedes or follows)
δὲ But G1161
δὲ But
Strong's: G1161
Word #: 2 of 15
but, and, etc
ἁμαρτάνετε when ye sin G264
ἁμαρτάνετε when ye sin
Strong's: G264
Word #: 3 of 15
properly, to miss the mark (and so not share in the prize), i.e., (figuratively) to err, especially (morally) to sin
εἰς against G1519
εἰς against
Strong's: G1519
Word #: 4 of 15
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
τοὺς G3588
τοὺς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 5 of 15
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἀδελφοὺς the brethren G80
ἀδελφοὺς the brethren
Strong's: G80
Word #: 6 of 15
a brother (literally or figuratively) near or remote (much like g0001)
καὶ and G2532
καὶ and
Strong's: G2532
Word #: 7 of 15
and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
τύπτοντες wound G5180
τύπτοντες wound
Strong's: G5180
Word #: 8 of 15
to "thump", i.e., cudgel or pummel (properly, with a stick or bastinado), but in any case by repeated blows; thus differing from g3817 and g3960, whic
αὐτῶν their G846
αὐτῶν their
Strong's: G846
Word #: 9 of 15
the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
τὴν G3588
τὴν
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 10 of 15
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
συνείδησιν conscience G4893
συνείδησιν conscience
Strong's: G4893
Word #: 11 of 15
co-perception, i.e., moral consciousness
ἀσθενοῦσαν weak G770
ἀσθενοῦσαν weak
Strong's: G770
Word #: 12 of 15
to be feeble (in any sense)
εἰς against G1519
εἰς against
Strong's: G1519
Word #: 13 of 15
to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
Χριστὸν Christ G5547
Χριστὸν Christ
Strong's: G5547
Word #: 14 of 15
anointed, i.e., the messiah, an epithet of jesus
ἁμαρτάνετε when ye sin G264
ἁμαρτάνετε when ye sin
Strong's: G264
Word #: 15 of 15
properly, to miss the mark (and so not share in the prize), i.e., (figuratively) to err, especially (morally) to sin

Analysis & Commentary

But when ye sin so against the brethren, and wound their weak conscience (τύπτοντες αὐτῶν τὴν συνείδησιν ἀσθενοῦσαν, typtontes auton ten syneidesin astheousan, "striking their weak conscience")—the verb typto (τύπτω, "strike, beat, wound") is violent. Flaunting liberty doesn't merely disappoint but brutalizes the weak believer's conscience. The participle structure shows the sin's dual nature: sinning against brethren by wounding their conscience.

Ye sin against Christ (εἰς Χριστὸν ἁμαρτάνετε, eis Christon hamartanete)—Paul's climax. Wounding a believer is wounding Christ Himself (Acts 9:4, "why persecutest thou me?"). Christ so identifies with His people that offending them offends Him. This elevates "disputable matters" to ultimate significance: how you treat the weak brother in matters of Christian liberty reveals how you treat Christ. Knowledge divorced from love isn't mere immaturity—it's sin against Christ.

Historical Context

This teaching echoes Jesus's parable of the sheep and goats (Matthew 25:40, "inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, ye have done it unto me"). Paul applies Christ's mystical union with believers practically: despising the weak, asserting rights at their expense, or wounding their conscience is direct assault on Christ. This makes love for fellow believers non-negotiable.

Questions for Reflection